Closed Pipes
Use this apparatus to determine the speed of sound, by measuring the length of the pipe at resonance.
Excitation Acoustic Source
Strike the tuning fork model to enable acoustic sound waves.
650 Hz
200 Hz
650 Hz
Laboratory Mode Configurations
Precision Position Controllers
Pipe Height Adjustment:
Physical Ruler Controls:
Click and drag the wooden ruler inside the viewport to position it freely both horizontally and vertically against the pipe.
Laboratory Analysis Sheet
Physical Column Length (L)
0.132 m
Resonance Intensity
0% Match
Closed-Pipe Physics Wave Model
Resonance occurs when the effective column matches an odd number of quarter-wavelengths.
Effective Length (L_eff) = n × λ / 4
L_eff = Physical Length L
1st Harmonic: L_eff = λ / 4
3rd Harmonic: L_eff = 3λ / 4
Expected Physical L_1:0.132 m
Expected Physical L_2:0.397 m
Velocity Calculation Method
ΔL = L_2 - L_1 = λ / 2
Wavelength (λ) = 2 × (L_2 - L_1)
Speed of Sound: v = f × λ
Wavelength (λ) = 2 × (L_2 - L_1)
Speed of Sound: v = f × λ
Derived v_sound:
344.0 m/s
Calculations Module Hidden.
Read alignments manually using the physical wooden ruler.
Read alignments manually using the physical wooden ruler.